Study: Risk of Uterine Rupture during Labor among Women with a Prior Cesarean Delivery
By Danell Swim
February 8, 2008
This study suggests that VBAC is safest when labor is not induced; especially when prostoglandin is used to induce the labor. The uterine rupture rate for spontaneous labor is generally the same as has been found in other studies; about 0.5%.
ABSTRACT
Background Each year in the United States, approximately 60 percent of women with a prior cesarean delivery who become pregnant again attempt labor. Concern persists that a trial of labor may increase the risk of uterine rupture, an uncommon but serious obstetrical complication.
Methods We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort analysis using data from all primiparous women who gave birth to live singleton infants by cesarean section in civilian hospitals in Washington State from 1987 through 1996 and who delivered a second singleton child during the same period (a total of 20,095 women). We assessed the risk of uterine rupture for deliveries with spontaneous onset of labor, those with labor induced by prostaglandins, and those in which labor was induced by other means; these three groups of deliveries were compared with repeated cesarean delivery without labor.
Results Uterine rupture occurred at a rate of 1.6 per 1000 among women with repeated cesarean delivery without labor (11 women), 5.2 per 1000 among women with spontaneous onset of labor (56 women), 7.7 per 1000 among women whose labor was induced without prostaglandins (15 women), and 24.5 per 1000 among women with prostaglandin-induced labor (9 women). As compared with the risk in women with repeated cesarean delivery without labor, uterine rupture was more likely among women with spontaneous onset of labor (relative risk, 3.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 6.0), induction of labor without prostaglandins (relative risk, 4.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 9.7), and induction with prostaglandins (relative risk, 15.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 8.1 to 30.0).
Conclusions For women with one prior cesarean delivery, the risk of uterine rupture is higher among those whose labor is induced than among those with repeated cesarean delivery without labor. Labor induced with a prostaglandin confers the highest risk.Read the study from the New England Journal of Medicine.
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